Private property developments have not been able to completely alter the rights inherent in private property, but private ownership has been subject to Limitations. One example of these limitations, which has been neglected in legal researches, is the issue of eminent domain by the State for private use rather than public use. The question is essentially whether there is a possibility of eminent domain for private use. The eminent domain by the state for private use, contrary to the eminent domain in public use, is not easily acceptable and may face challenges, since the public interest in the private use hardly imaginable. However, after a careful examination of the eminent domain for private use, to be clear that the limitation of property is a public interest, the challenge is moderated and, as a result, is acceptable in our legal system. The present research, while accepting the possibility of eminent domain by the State for private use, explains the terms and effects of this type of limitation of property, and recommends that the legislature, in addition to proposing some amendments to the rules, prescribed eminent domain by State to consider these rules.

Kerman province has a long history in poetry and humanities and its poets and scientists have played a great role in Persian culture. However, very little has been said about eminent Kermani scholars and poets in Arabic language and literature. This article introduces some of these figures who chose to write in Arabic between the fifth and six centuries (A.H.) but have remained in the dark to Iranian scholars.

The legislature for confiscation and the government seizure of property as the crime devices has not observed the principle of transparency and minimal substantive and procedural guarantees. This research with descriptive-analytic method has examined the current situation in the national laws and compared it with the laws of other systems and determines reformative policies. In the current laws not only the definite instances and criteria for the confiscation and ownership of assets have not been mentioned but also have been neglected the discourse of the expropriation based on the fictional supposition of the guilty property and with justification of the prevention of the repeated crime, the principles of necessity, the proportionality, damages, independence and impartiality of the judiciary, the identity of the party and the necessity of speeding up proceedings and the right to property has faced with major risk. As a result of the study It can be said that the evidences such as the criminal aims of the seizure of property, the fundamental characteristics of the punishment in this sanction and the legitimate possession of the owner until the commitment of the crime show that the government seizure of property as instrument of crime is financial penalty. The reformative suggestions are: the domestic legal system for the enforcement of confiscation orders, besides considering substantiative guarantees including the principle of minimizing, the principle of legality, the necessity of mens rea of the abetting offence, the individualization of the criminal liability and prohibition of inhuman punishment, it should respect the procedural criminal guarantees such as the supposition of innocent and the other defendant’ s rights.

This study aims to present a personality description of a group of select pre-eminent Iranian literary translators. Grounded theory method was used to generate a personality description of the group. The study benefited from both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data included individual, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 12 celebrated Iranian literary translators. The secondary sources of data included 30 extended interviews with 23 celebrated Iranian literary translators and four books, including the autobiography of one translator and memories of three others. The qualitative data collected through the interviews were codified and analyzed using open, axial and selective coding procedures of grounded theory method. A constant comparative approach was used until saturation of the categories appeared. The results indicate that, overall, five themes can be taken into consideration to serve as a personality description of Iranian literary translators. The themes include Introversion, Emotionality, Perseverance, Self-confidence and Disorganization. The results are discussed with regards to their didactic implication in translation education.

Hassan Farsam, a renown professor of Tehran University, passed away on 5th February 2016 in Tehran. He trained several generations of Iranian pharmacy students for more than half a century, and will always be remembered for his compassion and his contribution to pharmacy education in Iran…

With deep sorrow, Dr. Ahmad Madani, professor of neonatology at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences passed away on April 15, 2024 due to pancreatic cancer. His demise is a great loss for his family, neonatologists and Shiraz medical graduates. However, his memory will remain alive in their minds. Dr. Madani was a distinguished physician who loved kindness, beauty and truth.

Rasoul Pournaki (1921-2008), a prominent researcher, worked with the Pasture Institute of Iran from 1948 to 1978. He served meritoriously to control infectious diseases in Iran. His main research fields were the plague, relapsing fever, and poliomyelitis. He was the Director of Epidemiology and Virology Departments in the Pasteur Institute of Iran. This paper aims to appreciate his scientific contributions in control of infectious diseases by reviewing his notable services and studies.

The present study is going to illustrate the necessity of exempting the divorce from the private parties' agreement (control) and the important need of the assertion of legal mechanism to access to the specific legal norm in respect of this divorce. It will be suggested with the purpose of the protection of family institution as a social and ethical entity. The present study is a descriptive analytical research. Accordingly the researcher will describe the characteristics of the legal institution of divorce at first and then it will explain the different legal system's attitude to this respect. Afterward the prerequisites and the condition of the validity of this type of divorces in various times will be evaluated. Finally the ambiguity existed regarding to this issue in different legal system will be examined. A legal system in which the family as a social and ethical institution is protected by law will deal with the dissolution of this entity more sensitively and will prevent the inopportune divorces. Consequently this divorce cannot be leaved to the mere agreement of the married couple. This approach will not regard the dissolution of the family as a revocation of private contractor rescission and it will enter in the public domain. The Iranian legal system seems to accept such an attitude. It has not regarded the mere agreements of married couple as a sufficient condition for the termination of marriage contract.Since a lot of inopportune divorces which have been precipitately and unreasonably occurred in the first years after the marriage will threat the family institution, the appropriate law should prevent the adventitious and unreasonable termination of the marriage. As mentioned above the Iranian legal system, in spite of some vagueness’s, has accepted this approach and has limited the autonomy of the married couple in rescission of the marriage contract.

Writing preludes and praises in Persian literature is as old as prose-writing. In other words, praise-writing has existed since the emergence of the first prose texts. Examples include the preludes of books such as Shahnamehey Aboumansouri, Alabniah a’ n Haghaegh-el-Adviyah and Sharh-ot-Taarrof. The prelude presents a perfect image of the subject, style, the reason for authoring the book, and the life, thought and social conditions of the era of the author. Carried out in a descriptive and content analysis method, the present study, analyzes the most eminent prose texts in Persian written in the 6th, 7th and 8th lunar centuries of Hijrah from a stylistic point of view with a focus on linguistics and content issues. A survey of the structure of the preludes show what components the writers have had in mind and how they have acted with regards to the main axis of the work, expression manner, thought and literary style. Based on the findings of this paper, the preludes in the works of the 6th, 7th and 8th lunar centuries of Hijrah are generally classified into two categories: one is the praises in Arabic including praise of God, His Traits, and the praise of the Prophet, His apostles and His family; the other is the praises in Persian including the name of the man of letter, the king of the time, his praise, prayer for his long life and eternity of his kingdom or Ministry ending eventually in the introduction of the book chapters. Preludes and praises are a gate to the text and understanding the content of the work. Depending on the art and capability of the work author, they can be effective in expressing the opinion and thought style as well as verbal and spiritual style and intellectual concerns of the author. The most important features of the preludes and praises in Persian are rhythm and other figures of speech as well as lengthening and allusions from Quarn and Hadis.